It could be memory failure (and I'd suggest running MEMTEST86+), but note that the video card's onboard RAM can fail in exactly the same way, with the same results, and has the super-fun bonus feature of not being detectable by a normal memory test.
It could also be CPU failure caused by overheating. If your computer crashes again almost immediately after rebooting, or cannot be rebooted at all for several minutes, this is almost certainly the cause.