Whether or not anybody survives a nuclear war depends on a lot of factors. Some of which are:1. Where you currently live. If you live near an industrial area, military base/town, large urban city, etc., then your chances of getting hit have increased versus that of living in a rural area. Key targets for any enemy to hit in a nuclear exchange are industrial/production centers, military bases, and/or large civillian urban population centers. If an enemy can take these areas out, then it prevents a nation from trying to rebuild their economic and political infrastructure. Key targets can include: Northwest United States where a lot of ICBM missile silos and other strategic military bases are located in states of Montana, Wyoming, Kansas, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, etc., Any major industrial/production area along the West, South, or East coasts of the U.S. (Texas particuarly since a lot of oil and oil refineries are down there.), Major population centers such as New York, Los Angeles, Washington D.C., Chicago, Houston, Dallas, etc.
2. Quoted from Wikipedia:
The possibility of using nuclear weapons in war is usually divided into two subgroups, each with different effects and potentially fought with different types of nuclear armaments.
The first, a limited nuclear war (sometimes attack or exchange), refers to a small scale use of nuclear weapons by one or more parties. A "limited nuclear war" would consist of a limited exchange between two nuclear powers targeting each other's military facilities, either as an attempt to pre-emptively cripple the enemy's ability to attack as a defensive measure or as a prelude to an invasion by conventional forces as an offensive measure. This term would apply to any limited use of nuclear weapons, which may involve either military or civilian targets.
The second, a full-scale nuclear war, consists of large numbers of weapons used in an attack aimed at an entire country, including military, economic and civilian targets. Such an attack would almost certainly destroy the entire economic, social, and military infrastructure of the target nation, and would probably have a devastating effect on Earth's biosphere.
3. How prepared are you? What supplies do you have? Where will you go?
4. Depending on whether the nuclear exchange was limited or full scale, and depending on what the explosive yields were for the nuclear bombs and missiles, plus how much radiation fallout is in the atmosphere.
In a nuclear apocolypes, There are no winners. Only losers. Everybody is going to die regardless of whether you were near the epicenter of the explosion or whether you were far away and died slowly over a period of days, weeks, months from radiation poisoning/sickness. And if it's not those, then you'll still die from starvation, lack of supplies, or killed by other survivors/scavengers.
In a nuclear exchange between two or more superpowers, the only winning move is not to play. 
You CAN'T win. All you'll end up doing is not only destroying your enemy, but also destroying yourself in the process.
